Resolving the spatial scales of mass and heat transfer in direct plasma sources for activating liquids

When plasma is in direct contact with liquid, an exchange of mass and heat between the two media occurs, manifested multiple physical processes such as vaporization multiphase transfer. These phenomena significantly influence conditions at plasma–liquid interface interfere other transport reactive species across interface. In this work, experimentally validated computational model was developed used to quantify energy a On liquid side interface, it shown that thin film exists where temperature approximately three times higher than bulk temperature, extending depth 10 μm. As increased, strongly nonlinear decrease encountered. heating caused background gas rarefaction, resulting 15% reduction density compared ambient conditions. The combined effect rarefaction promoted vaporization, which increased vapor phase. water treated constitutes up 30% total composition region 0.1 mm from percentage approaching 70–80% when water’s reaches its boiling point.